Australia
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Australia is a highly developed market economy and a member of the OECD and G20. It has the 14th largest economy in terms of nominal GDP (2019), the 20th in GDP per capita in PPP terms (2018), and the second in median wealth per adult (2019). Australia is a signatory to the Trans-Pacific Partnership 11 free trade agreement and in November 2019 agreed to join the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement involving China, Japan, South, Korea, New Zealand and the ten ASEAN countries. Mining was the biggest individual contributor to GDP (10.2 percent) in 2018-19, followed by Financial and Insurance Services (9.3 percent), and Construction (8 percent). Overall, services contribute around 70 percent to GDP. Exports are dominated by minerals with a 60 percent share. The top five exports in 2017 were iron ore (14.5 percent), coal (14.2 percent), tourism (12.7 percent), LNG (12 percent), and gold (5.2 percent). China is Australia's top export partner. Australia has the eighth-highest total estimated value of natural resources, valued at US$19.9 trillion in 2016. This includes the largest share of global iron ore reserves (29 percent) and uranium reserves (29 percent), and the sixth largest share of black coal reserves (6 percent). The financial sector is highly sophisticated with one of the largest pools of contestable funds under management globally, valued at about US$850 billion. This is mostly due to Australia's compulsory retirement savings scheme called "superannuation" which is largely invested in equities. The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the 16th-largest stock exchange in the world in terms of domestic market capitalisation and has the largest interest rate derivatives market in Asia. The Australian economy benefitted from deregulation and trade liberalisation in the 1980s and the resources boom in the 2000s. It has not experienced a recession since July 1991 and holds the world record for uninterrupted expansion. It has a strong financial system and along with Canada it weathered the 2008 global financial crisis relatively unscathed. Growth has slowed in the last two years while the housing market has had a minor correction.
Its population in 2018 was 24,772,247 [
In 2015, 9.18% of its total energy 
In 2021, its GDP grew by 1.48% [
In 2021 it had a positive Current 
Its unemployment rate in 2021 was 5.10% [
Its Expenditure on R&D (as a percentage of 
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