[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]
Europe
The geographical region of Europe includes over 44 countries and 752m people. It had the third largest total GDP of the continents in 2018 at 21.9 trillion USD. Average GDP per capita was 34,485 USD, which is highest among the regions. It also had the highest level of exports in 2018 at 10tr USD. From the 15th century, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, French and British all developed colonial empires. The Spanish and Portuguese enjoyed the mineral wealth of the new world. While all these countries used African slaves to develop tobacco or sugarcane industries in the new world. In the late nineteenth century, Germany, Belgium, and Italy also began to develop colonial empires. The Netherlands was the forerunner in terms of finance and trade, with the world’s first stock exchange in 1602. Britain led the way with industrialisation in the 18th century, which made steam rather than slaves and gold the new wealth of nations. Trade was becoming global and Europe led the way. By the late 19th century, Germany had also industrialised. Its growing commercial and naval rivalry with Britain contributed to the start of WW1. WW1 saw the emergence of the USA as a superpower and the break-up of the imperial European powers; European colonial empires were to survive until after WW2. The devastation of WW2 brought a determination for a new common future. The European Coal and Steel Community was formed in 1951. This became the European Economic Community in 1957, the European Union in 1993, and monetary union in 2001. The end of the cold war in 1989, saw NATO expand into Eastern Europe followed by the European Union. Many former soviet- Bloc countries have grown strongly through the 1990s and 2000s, including Poland, Czechia, and Estonia. Yugoslavia disintegrated in 1991, but Slovenia and Croatia are now EU members and the Western Balkans aspire to membership. Throughout the 2000s, the relative importance of the German economy grew. In recent years, Europe has been tested by the Greek debt crisis (2009-10), the crisis in Ukraine (2013), the Syrian refugee crisis (2015-16), and Brexit (2016-2020). But despite these challenges, Europe will continue to grow as it enjoys the fruits of trade and further integration.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]
This is no time to get distracted, argues Fabrizio Ferraro — sustainable impact will bring the lasting change we need… As world leaders and business titans gathered at Davos this
For the first time in many years, interest rates have risen noticeably in 2022 and 2023, and as a result, conditions on bond markets have changed rapidly since then. What
The Women’s Brain Project (WBP) announces the creation of its new Foundation to support the world’s first Research Institute for Sex and Gender Precision Medicine. It takes a global stage
World leaders gathered at the Davos World Economic Forum in January and told us what we already know – that the global economy is still highly volatile. Geopolitical conflicts, disruption
Read more
Over three decades of experience in developing solutions for the trade finance community. MIT Make Intuitive Tech SA (MITech) is a Swiss-based fintech firm specialising in the development of banking
CFI.co in discussion with Charles Vincent, CEO of Arviem Founded in 2008 and headquartered in Baar, Switzerland, Arviem provides accurate and independent location- and condition-monitoring of cargo. The firm collects
Commercial property sector’s many facets polished to a lasting shine by PSP Swiss Property’s chief executive. PSP Swiss Property is a major player in Switzerland’s commercial property market, with offices
The challenges, requirements, and joys of the sector keep Calculo Capital’s CEO focused… In the rapidly evolving landscape of commodity trading, Danish firm Calculo Capital, under the leadership of chief
Read more
CFI.co in conversation with PHILIP ENGEL CARLSSON, CEO of alternative fund-management firm Calculo Capital… Philip Engel Carlsson’s journey into the world of commodities was serendipitous, if not entirely accidental. Despite
The race for ‘bright and early’ viewers began 40 years ago, and changed the way Britain woke up. Asign on the wall of the BBC’s Lime Grove offices of Breakfast
The drum beat of reform is increasing for the development system and particularly for the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). While the reform is looking to address a number of areas,
In the ever-evolving world of healthcare, precision medicine has taken centre stage — and for good reason… Precision medicine can tailor strategies to suit individuals, leveraging unique genetic, environmental, and
Read more
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]