Peru
Peru was the 49th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP in 2018. Its GDP per capita was $6,947 USD. Peru is the world's second largest producer of silver and copper. It was ranked 72nd in the World Bank's Human Capital Index and 81st in the Economic Complexity Index in 2017. It is a member of the regional trading group Mercosur. Services was the largest economic sector in 2017 (54 percent of GDP), followed by manufacturing (12.8 percent), and agriculture (6.7 percent). In 2017, the largest export sectors were minerals (42.38 percent), agriculture (19.58 percent), services (13.84 percent), and stones (10.67 percent). The largest individual exports were copper ore (24.15 percent), gold (9.52 percent), travel and tourism (7.33 percent), refined petroleum (5.17 percent), and zinc (4.34 percent). Its largest export partners were China (28.5 percent), the USA (14.59 percent), and Spain (5.34 percent). The largest goods imports were refined petroleum (7.31 percent), crude oil (5.94 percent), cars (4.28 percent), and transmission apparatus for radio, telephones, and television (3.51 percent). Peru declared independence in 1821 after pressure from Buenos Aires with loyalists finally defeated in 1824. Between 1840 and 1870, the economy boomed because of the discovery of guano (fertiliser from bird-droppings). But by the end of the boom the government was under fiscal pressure, which was compounded by the "War of the Pacific" with Chile between 1879 and 1884. Following the war and up until the Great Depression, a commodity boom and administrative and macroeconomic reforms led to strong economic growth and diversification. Free trade in the 1950s gave way to import substitution in the 1960s as the population grew and migrated to the larger cities on the coast. In 1968, the military took power. They nationalised several industries and increased state intervention but heavy borrowing and the 1970s oil price shocks led to high public debt and hyper-inflation by the 1980s. In the 1990s, stabilisation policies and trade liberalisation led to strong growth which continued in the 2000s with the help of a global commodities boom and accompanying FDI in the mining industry.
Its population in 2018 was 32,551,815 [
In 2015, 25.50% of its total energy 
In 2021, its GDP grew by 13.35% [
In 2021 it had a negative Current 
Its unemployment rate in 2021 was 10.90% [
Its Expenditure on R&D (as a percentage of 
A Big Mac will set you back the
