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Europe
The geographical region of Europe includes over 44 countries and 752m people. It had the third largest total GDP of the continents in 2018 at 21.9 trillion USD. Average GDP per capita was 34,485 USD, which is highest among the regions. It also had the highest level of exports in 2018 at 10tr USD. From the 15th century, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, French and British all developed colonial empires. The Spanish and Portuguese enjoyed the mineral wealth of the new world. While all these countries used African slaves to develop tobacco or sugarcane industries in the new world. In the late nineteenth century, Germany, Belgium, and Italy also began to develop colonial empires. The Netherlands was the forerunner in terms of finance and trade, with the world’s first stock exchange in 1602. Britain led the way with industrialisation in the 18th century, which made steam rather than slaves and gold the new wealth of nations. Trade was becoming global and Europe led the way. By the late 19th century, Germany had also industrialised. Its growing commercial and naval rivalry with Britain contributed to the start of WW1. WW1 saw the emergence of the USA as a superpower and the break-up of the imperial European powers; European colonial empires were to survive until after WW2. The devastation of WW2 brought a determination for a new common future. The European Coal and Steel Community was formed in 1951. This became the European Economic Community in 1957, the European Union in 1993, and monetary union in 2001. The end of the cold war in 1989, saw NATO expand into Eastern Europe followed by the European Union. Many former soviet- Bloc countries have grown strongly through the 1990s and 2000s, including Poland, Czechia, and Estonia. Yugoslavia disintegrated in 1991, but Slovenia and Croatia are now EU members and the Western Balkans aspire to membership. Throughout the 2000s, the relative importance of the German economy grew. In recent years, Europe has been tested by the Greek debt crisis (2009-10), the crisis in Ukraine (2013), the Syrian refugee crisis (2015-16), and Brexit (2016-2020). But despite these challenges, Europe will continue to grow as it enjoys the fruits of trade and further integration.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]
So far, nobody in Brussels blinked. However, before the week is out somebody will. An eleventh hour compromise between Greece and its creditors is more than likely. According to the
Rummaging through the archives of Twente Technical University, two enterprising students struck gold: An experiment carried out around the turn of the century but not taken to the next level.
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The bears took hold of most European markets earlier today on news that the Greek government is determined to end austerity and will not be seeking an extension of the
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The recent mobilisation by institutional investors over the climate change issue has captured media attention around the globe, clearly demonstrating the power investors have when it comes to engaging policymakers.
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President Martin Schulz of the European Parliament (EP) arrived in Athens today to read the riot act, before the Greek government does something it may come to regret. Mr Schulz
Just a few years ago, Forbes Magazine – that self-proclaimed “Capitalist Tool” – identified the primacy of politics as the greatest danger facing Europe and the European Union (EU). The
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Envision the world economy as a complex, interconnected array of financial engines whose propulsion helps reinforce one another’s momentum. One of the component engines is a small but significant one
A semblance of calm has returned to Davos. The World Economic Forum (WEF) has finished this year’s proceedings and most of the 2,633 participants have returned home. Crews are busy
Davos – Clearly enjoying her role as the real moneybags of the World Economic Forum (WEF), German Chancellor Angela Merkel – small in stature but as ever a commanding presence
Less is more, and you better get used to it. That is the message US real estate tycoon Jeff Greene brought to the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland.
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