Poland
The light green area is the rest of the European Union
Poland was the 21st largest economy in the world by nominal GDP in 2018. Its GDP per capita was $15,424 USD. It is a large country in central Europe with the fifth largest population in the EU (excluding the UK) in 2018. It was ranked 30th in the World Bank's Human Capital Index and 23rd in the Economic Complexity Index in 2017. It is a member of the EU and OECD. Services was the largest economic sector in 2018 (56 percent of GDP), followed by manufacturing (18 percent), and agriculture (2.4 percent). In 2017, the largest export sectors were services (21 percent), agriculture (15 percent), machinery (12.8 percent), vehicles (11.2 percent), and chemicals (11.1 percent). The largest individual exports were ICT services (10.2 percent), transport (5.6 percent), travel and tourism (4.6 percent), and motor vehicle parts (4.6 percent). Its largest export partners were Germany (27 percent), Czechia (6.3 percent), the UK (6 percent), and France (5.5 percent). The largest goods imports were cars (3.6 percent), crude oil (3.4 percent), and part of motor vehicles (3.2 percent). Poland regained independence in 1918 following World War One. After World War Two it came under Soviet control. The economy was transformed from agriculture and mining to an industrial base. In 1989, the Solidarity movement won in partially-free elections effectively ending Soviet control. Since then the economy has grown at around 4 percent per year and even avoided recession during the global financial crisis. Growth was initially unlocked by prudent fiscal policy, the taming of hyperinflation, and a range of free-market reforms including large-scale privatisations, the removal of subsidies and price controls, and a convertible currency. This then led to increases in labour productivity and internal consumption. After joining the EU in 2014, the boom continued as exports and investments increased, leading to further increases in employment and consumption. In 2018, FTSE Russell reclassified Poland from an "emerging" to "developed" market.