According to the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC, 2014), in recent decades changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on all continents (see Figure 1).
Africa as a whole is one of the most vulnerable regions due to its high exposure and low adaptive capacity. Climate change will amplify existing stress on water availability and exacerbate vulnerability of agricultural systems particularly in semi-arid areas. Climate change is also expected to act as a multiplier of existing health vulnerabilities.
“Adaptation is place- and context-specific and local governments are increasingly recognized as critical to progress in adaptation.”
In Asia, coastal and marine systems are under increasing pressure from both climatic and non-climatic drivers while multiple stresses caused by rapid urbanisation, industrialisation and economic development will be compounded by climate change. Extreme climate events are also expected to have an increasing impact on human health, security, livelihoods, and poverty (IPCC, 2014).
Adaptation can contribute to the well-being of populations, the security of assets and the maintenance of ecosystem goods, functions and services. Adaptation is place- and context-specific and local governments are increasingly recognised as critical to progress in adaptation.
Local governments are in a unique position to identify the climate change adaptation responses that best meet local needs, and typically have the mandate to undertake the small- to medium-sized adaptation investments required for building climate resilience. Yet they frequently lack the resources to do so – and even more to do so in a way that is aligned with established decision-making processes and public planning and budgeting cycles.
“We encourage all LDCs (…) to take advantage of the Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility to enhance their local governments’ capability to discharge their responsibility in the implementation of the National Adaptation Plans”, Ministers and representatives of Asia and Pacific LDCs, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014
The Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility (LoCAL) of the UN Capital Development Fund was designed and initiated in 2012 to address this challenge by delivering adaptation finance through local government systems in an effective and transparent manner.
The Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility (LoCAL) provides a mechanism to integrate climate change adaption into local governments’ planning and budgeting systems, increase awareness and response to climate change at local level, and increase the amount of finance available to local governments for climate change adaption.
LoCAL combines performance-based climate resilience grants, which ensure programming and verification of climate change expenditures at the local level, with technical and capacity building support. LoCAl grants provide a financial top-up to cover the additional costs of making investments climate resilient, and are channelled through existing government fiscal transfer systems (rather than parallel or ad hoc structures).
LoCAL grants are disbursed as part of a local government’s regular budget envelope and can thus finance the adaptation element of larger projects, allowing for holistic responses to climate change. LoCAL uses the demonstration effect to trigger further flows for local adaptation, including national fiscal transfers and global climate finance for local authorities, through their central governments.
LoCAL offers a proven mechanism for the international community to channel climate change finance to the most remote and vulnerable regions and populations of the world, ensuring traceability and performance monitoring and reporting.
LoCAL grants include a set of minimum conditions – essentially guaranteeing good governance, performance criteria – more qualitative in nature and fostering the effective inclusion of adaptation in local government business, and a menu of eligible investments – ensuring investments made go beyond business as usual.
LoCAL grants typically involve a number of key steps:
LoCAL operates through three phases:
Since it started its work in 2012, LoCAL has been introduced or tested in ten countries in Asia and Africa. To date, LoCAL has provided grants to 29 local governments, reaching out to a population of over four million, across seven LDCs in Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Nepal) and Africa (Benin and Mali).
The objective is to pilot a mechanism that can be scaled up to the national level, therefore targeting over 300 million people across countries.
In 2015, an additional dozen local governments from four countries – in Africa (Ghana, Mozambique, and Niger) and the Pacific (Tuvalu) – are expected to join and make use of the mechanism, thereby enabling another million poor people to benefit from this new type of access to climate finance and the adaptation investments that follow.
More LDCs have expressed interest and are preparing to join LoCAL as it offers them a proven and scalable mechanism to channel climate finance effectively and transparently to the people most in needs.
The Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility (LoCAL) is UNCDF mechanism to integrate climate change adaption into local governments’ planning and budgeting systems, increase awareness, and response to climate change at local level, and increase the amount of finance available to local governments for climate change adaption, through performance-based grants for climate resilience.
The programme is funded by the EU Global Climate Change Alliance, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the government of Liechtenstein, the government of Belgium, UNDP Global Environment Facility and UNCDF.
Combatting usury, ensuring ethical standards, and sweeping the world: a new financial cornerstone emerges. Islamic…
Glacial melting threatens regional water security, ecosystems, and economies. Countries must prioritise low-carbon, climate-resilient development…
A new positioning based on boldness, clarity, and perceptiveness. Moody’s Investors Service Transition to Moody's…
Russian-born activist and proponent of individual freedom in hot water, but defiant. Pavel Durov, founder…
Unlocking the transformative power of functional fitness can be fun as well as beneficial for…
Few names in the classic game’s history shine as brightly as Bobby Fischer's. From child…