The youth population – aged 15 to 24 years – in the least developed countries (LDCs) is expected to soar from 168 million in 2010 to 300 million by 2050, when one in four youths worldwide will live in an LDC.
The LDC Report 2013 recommends that the Governments of these countries intensify efforts to employ this vast resource – which is currently largely underemployed, or trapped in vulnerable, low-paid jobs – to improve prospects for economic progress.
It calls for a break with “business-as-usual” policies, and a shift towards policies aimed at spurring inclusive growth and the creation of more and better quality jobs.
“Given the clear demographic challenges, the LDCs will need to make significant efforts to generate a sufficient quantity of jobs and offer decent employment opportunities to their young population,” said UNCTAD.
“If this is not achieved, the likelihood is that poverty, social instability and international emigration rates will rise.”
The report cautions that while LDCs enjoyed relatively high gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates from 2002 to 2008, economic progress did not translate into correspondingly increasing levels of employment. In fact, the countries with faster GDP growth had relatively lower employment creation.
UNCTAD notes that demographic trends in the LDCs are such that millions of new jobs will have to be created every year over the coming decades. For example, in Niger there were 224,000 new entrants into the labour market in 2005 – a number that is expected to increase fivefold, to 1.4 million, by 2050.
In Ethiopia, there were 1.4 million new entrants in 2005, and that figure is expected to rise to 2.7 million by 2030 and to 3.2 million by 2050. In Bangladesh, there were 2.9 million new entrants in 2005; this figure will peak at 3.1 million by 2020, and decline thereafter.
The report says that the world’s LDCs should take steps to improve GDP growth, through the generation of employment that pays a living wage and has safe working conditions, and through investment to develop productive capacities.
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